Retailing in Skyscrapers Best answer on the web
affected the retail industry...can you help ??? Besides this general question I would like to know about: - Are skyscrapers good/profitable for retailers?
- Have skyscrapers changed retail strategy?
- What are the retailing opportunities in skyscrapers?
- The future of retailing in skyscrapers?
- The effect of 9/11 on retailing in skyscrapers?
- Strategies adopted in this area by different cities (eq Minneopolis/NYC/London)
Any sources/publications which could help, much appreciated
Many thanks... its certinly a tough prject!
>skyscrapers could be developed in different ways than I have suggested?
Not that I can think of... I think you've pretty much covered the gamut. I'm going to investigate some other sources tomorrow and see what I can come up with in regards to your other questions.
jbf777-ga
GA Researcher
I've been able to find the following information thus far. Admittedly, it doesn't answer all your questions. I've found it to be a very difficult subject to research. If you could please give me some feedback as to where the following information stands as a sufficient answer, I'd appreciate it. I will continue to search in the meantime.
Are skyscrapers good/profitable for retailers and
have skyscrapers changed retail strategy?
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Skyscrapers are most deefinitely beneficial to the retail industry. Skyscrapers afford any area a high concentration of people in one locale. They can typically hold thousands of individuals. Retail thrives on foot traffic. The more foot traffic, the more chances a retail store has to generate sales. Retail stores in skyscrapers themselves capitalize on this the most, since they are physically the closest to the available foot traffic.
Q&A: WTC Attacks And The Smart Growth Movement
Harriet Tregoning, Special Secretary for Smart Growth at the Maryland Governor's Office on Smart Growth. http://www.newcolonist.com/smartgrowth.html
"One of the most important attributes of compact development patterns is their contribution to more transportation choices. A critical mass of people also makes retail and commercial business viable. A combination of density and a mixture of uses means more people have the option of walking because they live or work within a short distance of transit stops or stations as well as stores, offices, schools and other destinations. In order for a community to support cost effective transit, certain levels of density must be met. The rule of thumb is 7 residential units per acre for basic bus service or 15 per acre for premium bus service. For rail service, minimum densities are even higher. To give a sense of scale, a 3-4 story apartment building built on top of parking can provide 30-70 units per acre. So, while density is an important aspect of growing smarter, clearly skyscraper heights are not required to achieve transportation choice.
In vital urban spaces with limited room to expand, such as Manhattan and San Francisco, it makes economic sense to build taller buildings because the land is so valuable. However, there is a limit to this economic argument. At some point the building's size becomes a burden, not an asset. Around 50 stories is cited by some as the upper limit on economic effectiveness."
Portland Business Alliance
http://www.portlandalliance.com/forum-docs/jp-moss.doc.
"As a member of the downtown business community, I have seen many changes over the last five years. I believe that improving the health of the retail community in downtown requires multiple efforts. First we need continued growth and development in areas such as the waterfront and the Pearl District. Continuing to expand the area we consider downtown permits the retail pie to get bigger and diversify at the same time. The challenge of maintaining the overall health of retail is to expand the existing areas of retail. I believe with the constant arrival of new retail tenants, the downtown core will continue to strengthen. Areas of improvement such as the Meier and Frank building and the Galleria, will always exist. As long as we focus these improvements around the retailer, we will see continual long-term vibrancy of downtown retail. The health of downtown retail continues to grow when the skyscrapers are filled to capacity. There is a direct correlation between full occupancy and successful retail. Since our economy has weakened, office space is more available. We must encourage businesses, which employs large numbers to come downtown. The top five employers in downtown are local, regional, and state governments. This indicates that downtown is far too reliant on the government to create commerce for retailers. We must attract more companies so that we can maintain the positive growth of downtown."
Economic benefits of skyscraper boom are far reaching for city by Jon Murray (1/10/03) http://www.dailynorthwestern.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2003/01/10/3e1ece64bd2f7 "Evanston's annual budget problems make the prospect of a denser, taller downtown alluring. More people will pay more residential property taxes, and a higher population downtown will supply retail stores and restaurants with a steady flow of customers -- depositing more sales tax revenue into city coffers. The Sherman Gardens residents need to understand the benefits the new building might bring, even if it makes their neighborhood less quiet. Evanston is changing rapidly, and for many, the benefits outweigh the hassles for those who live nearby."
The Paint Dealer
Ads Even More Ubiquitous - Now 'Tall Wall' Billboards
http://www.paintdealer.com/archive/rog0301.html
"Now there's tall-wall advertising, massive billboards on skyscrapers some of them producing more rental revenue than the building itself. The wall displays stuck onto downtown skyscrapers range up to 10,000 square feet. They command upward of $60,000 a month in rent. Rather than wait for advertising customers, some developers contract before construction starts. Along stylish Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, the signage rights for a dozen sites on two buildings sold for $80 million or $6 million more than the property itself."
Mixing uses and lively ground floors
http://www.civictrust.org.uk/policy%20and%20campaigns/positions/tall.shtml "Tall buildings should have active, publicly accessible ground floor uses to enliven the street frontage. Shops are ideal. In addition to ground floor retail, a tall building can also contain homes and offices, with a café or restaurant at the top providing a public vantage point. The space beneath tall builds can be used for parking, trains and facilities for residents."
What are the retailing opportunities in Skyscrapers?
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Pretty much any store you see in a mall is a store you can see in an urban skyscraper. Additionally, the multi-floor element of a skyscraper can expose stores to a great deal of foot traffic. Stores will typically be tailored to the tastes of individuals that frequent the building.
The Boston Skyscraper Page
http://www.geocities.com/sky_boston/newskyscrapers/111huntington.html
This beautiful glass 36 story, 554 foot tower shooting up in the Prudential Center and will have 850,000 square feet of office space and 63,000 square feet of retail space. It will have a 50 foot wide, 50 foot tall retail atrium connectin it to the Prudential Center and Prudential Center subway stop. When the building is finished in late 2001, it
Chicago's Sky-dentity by Ricco Villanueva Siasoco
http://www.factmonster.com/spot/skyscraper1.html
In September, the Windy City approved plans to build the world's tallest skyscraper, the Dearborn Tower. If completed, the 1,550-foot behemoth would include 108 floors of retail stores, offices, hotel and apartment space, and command a sweeping four-state view.
THIS IS AMERICA by Jerilyn Watson (2/5/01)
http://www.manythings.org/voa/01/010205tia_t.htm
Many skyscrapers provide space for offices, apartment homes, stores, and hotels. Some have eating places, sports clubs and other businesses. Some have so much space and provide so many activities that they are like small cities. One example is the World Trade Center in New York City. It was built in Nineteen-Seventy-Three. It occupies six and one-half hectares. The Center includes two buildings that are more than four-hundred-ten meters tall. They once were the tallest buildings in the world.
The effect of 9/11 on retailing in skyscrapers?
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People may be more apprehensive to congregate in places like tall buildings. This may have some sort of an effect
Opinions on rebuilding TWC
http://pub32.ezboard.com/ffortworthforumfrm2.showMessage?topicID=76.topic
Rebuilding by Martin Sinderman (11/01)
http://www.nareit.com/portfoliomag/01novdec/feat_rebuild.shtml
In the retail property sector, those concerns have certainly been expressed. "Major centers for people to gather, such as regional malls, may become less popular as they may be considered potential targets of terrorism," according to a report from REIT analysts at Salomon Smith Barney. "We think that if this tragedy remains an isolated instance, this scenario is remote."
Security measures have been tightened at shopping centers throughout the country. "We have about 50 security people at every mall. We also have a police substation that opens onto the mall as a storefront," according to Laurence Siegel, chairman and CEO of The Mills Corporation. "Most of our malls are newer malls; as such, they have a lot of new technology. The trick is to and not let the customer see it."
World Trade Center Attack: Consequences on Real Estate by Ryan Simmons http://www.unc.edu/courses/2001fall/plan/006e/001/real_estate/
In some cities, demand for space will increase according to the industrial background of that city. Now that we are fighting bio-terrorism and a war, defense, technology and medical industries will probably improve. Therefore cities and areas built on these industries like Southern California, New Jersey, San Diego, San Francisco, and metropolitan Boston will notice an increase in demand and prices of office space. According to L-LREI, the apartment markets across the nation should continue to flourish relative to other markets. Retail markets will most likely continue to decline because of the economic slowdown and the attacks. But the hotel markets will most likely be hit the hardest since the attacks. People are not traveling as much as they did before the attacks resulting in empty hotel rooms and numerous closures. These are some of the trends that we may see over the next couple of years in real estate markets.
Rebuilding Already
http://shoppingcenterworld.com/ar/retail_new_york_future/
At the time of the disaster, Westfield Shoppingtown was evaluating the retailers already in the mall at the World Trade Center with the idea of expanding onto the Plaza for more retail space. It was rumored that they had contacted several luxury tenants. The area surrounding the Center was fully leased. There was space available east of Broadway — Wall, Water, Broad Streets, and lower Broadway, which now will be the focus of new interest for future retail. There is already talk of replacing the mall at the base of the Towers and thereby incorporating the same successful retail environment that existed, i.e. approximately 75 stores (approximately 475,000 sq. ft.) The shopping venue was one of the most successful in the country, where sales for each shop ranged from $900 to $1,000 per sq. ft. That's incredible!
additional links:
Links to Information on Tall Buildings
http://www.teachersnetwork.org/dcs/math/structures/html/Structures/skyscrapers.html
Search Strategy:
skyscrapers "retail strategy"
skyscrapers retail
skyscraper "retail stores"
retailing in skyscrapers
skyscraper information
skyscrapers "retail industry"
"retail stores" skyscraper
jbf777-ga
http://www.mitchellmoss.com/articles/centralcity.html
Is it possible to research the history of retail outlets in skycrapers at all ??? (eg when they first appeared, when the Main St. shops appeared). Failing that a good time-line of skyscraper developments would be good.
Perhaps some examples like I highlighted of how different cities have planned and developed downtown areas in different ways (eg Minneapolis' huge network of mall/covered walkways because of the cold)
Failing this any thoughts how a project covering retail, design and skyscrapers could be developed in different ways than I have suggested ?
Shaping Denver's skyline: city's landmarks tell a century-old tale
by Stephen Titus.
ColoradoBiz, Jan 2003 v30 i1 p56(3)
2003 Wiesner Publications, Inc.
Excerpt:
"But even as Denver's skyline became dominated by office towers, urban-renewal experts say it has only been in the last decade that the city's center has been reborn as a shopping and entertainment Mecca. "I think there was a vision for a traditional downtown with stores like Macy's and other big department stores," said Marianne LeClair, redevelopment manager for the Denver Urban Renewal Authority But Downtown boosters had to recast that vision. There was a realization that this couldn't compete with suburban shopping malls like Cherry Creek, and (so) it (was) repositioned as a destination, with 16th Street Mall, Six Flags Elitch Gardens, and the large sports venues as attractions." Coors Field lit a fire under revitalization of Lower Downtown, an area once synonymous with crime, prostitution and homelessness. Preservation efforts there drew in residential developers who built dozens of loft projects that have attracted thousands of urban transplants, giving the city a 24-hour heartbeat. The completion of Invesco Field at Mile High, home of the Denver Broncos, and the resurrection of the Platte Valley, spurred in part by Recreational Equipment Inc.'s $30 million rescue of the former Denver Tramway Power Co. building, has made LoDo one of the hottest residential addresses in the city..."
New York
http://www.referaty.sk/index.php?referat=6027 by Inamoto
"Most impressive views of NY City is the typical Manhattan skyline – a large number of skyscrapers on a small area. They started to build skyscrapers because of the lack of space and the high price of land on the island. Skyscrapers are also an interesting sociological phenomenon as the building is a small city itself: it offers residential quarters, office spaces, parking lots, restaurants, shopping facilities, fitness centres, swimming pools etc., but living in a skyscraper is very expensive. The most famous are: Empire State Building – it has 102 stories and a TV tower at the top. It was the highest building in the world until 1954 and it was also called ”the eight wonder of the world”. World Trade Center – called also The Twin Towers – the two buildings have 110 stories. Visitors can see the city and the harbour from the top of both of the mentioned buildings. Another famous place is Rockefeller Center on Fifth Avenue. It is a large business and entertainment complex of 21 buildings; the largest skyscraper city in the world. There are about 30 restaurants, a lot of shops, TV studios, exhibition halls. Visitors can admire its garden and skating rink. One well-known building is The Radio City Music Hall – 6 000 people can see a show on the big stage. Other famous skyscrapers are: Chrysler, PAN AM Bldgs, Citicorp Center, Trump Tower, IBM Tower..."
ON THE TOWN WITH GEORG SIMMEL:
A SOCIO-RELIGIOUS UNDERSTANDING OF URBAN INTERACTION
by Victoria Lee Erickson
Cathedrals
http://www.crosscurrents.org/erickson0151.htm
"A quick glance at pictorial representations of any European or American city prior to the nineteenth century is enough to suggest that churches once dominated the skylines of urban architecture. Beginning in the twelfth century in western Europe the urban environment came to be dominated by the great cathedrals. In North America, where churches continued to stand above the rest of the city in depictions of urban life up through the twentieth century when skyscrapers took over, the cathedral was not a common sight until the nineteenth century. Now, most North American cities host one if not more grand cathedral or cathedral-like edifices..."
Architects don't foresee skyscraper's demise
By Thurston Hatcher CNN
September 26, 2001
http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/09/26/rec.skyscraper.future/
"ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) -- They have been the symbol of wealth, power, know-how, even audacity, and the World Trade Center towers were their embodiment. But while skyscrapers may be a painful reminder to some of the September 11 destruction, it's unlikely they'll stop sprouting on the urban landscape in the wake of the attacks, architectural experts say. "I haven't heard a developer or an architect that is saying, 'Well, these things are no longer valid or can't be done anymore,'" said Scott Johnson, an architect with Johnson Fain Partners in Los Angeles, California..."
Shopping in the U.S.
http://www.otc-ie.com/features/featuresshopping.asp
"Historical landmarks and stunning skyscrapers have always lured visitors to America's big cities. But there's another reason to visit urban America: to shop. Nowhere else in the world offers such an abundance of diverse products at such competitive prices. Almost everything is cheaper in the States than in Britain -- especially clothes, CDs and electronics -- with or without a favourable exchange rate. Plus, you can't beat the US for sheer selection -- even sparkling water comes in 10 different brands and flavours -- and you'll also be able to purchase the most recent styles, makes and models before they reach the UK. Old Navy, Chicago The American shopping landscape is dominated by huge chain stores, whose branches can be found in virtually every US city. These include the Gap and its sister companies (the slightly more upscale Banana Republic and the slightly less expensive Old Navy), trendy urban housewares giant Pottery Barn, kitchenware emporium Williams Sonoma, lingerie specialist Victoria's Secret, trendy street-wear retailer Urban Outfitters, multiple music megastores, and a host of other well-known and popular brands, many of which have yet to cross the Atlantic. (Even at the chains that have, like the Gap, you'll find that a blouse costing £20 in the UK will be $20 in the States, while a CD at Tower or Virgin will cost $15 if it's £15 here.)..."
Civic Strategies
Downtown renewal
De-Signing Pittsburgh
"http://www.civic-strategies.com/resources/issues/downtown_renewal.htm Pittsburgh may soon stop buildings from putting signs on their roofs and limit the size and heights of other signs attached to buildings. Reason: According to advocates and city planners, they’re ugly. “The aesthetics of the skyline are running the risk of being compromised,” says a city planner. “We need to stem this uncontrolled proliferation of signs.” The planning department’s suggestion: Ban any additional rooftop signs, limit downtown signs attached to buildings to 200 square feet with new requirements for lighting, color and design, and limit neighborhood building signs to 80 square feet. Existing signs would not be affected. This comes after a number of Pittsburgh skyscrapers have added rooftop signs and others have applied to do so. Some warn that if the new restrictions are adopted businesses may flee to suburbs. “Getting an adequate identification (on a building) is an important checkpoint when businesses do surveys to determine new locations,” a sign company official said. The city council will consider the planning department’s recommendations this fall..."
Additional Search Terms:
"skyscrapers were"
"skyscrapers affect"
"skyscrapers make"
"skyscrapers made"
"skyscrapers affected"
"skyscrapers have"
[appended with combinations of "stores" and "retail/ing"
Here are several links I've found on the subject... I've included clips from the web site. Since the question has been reshaped, feel free to reset the price to whatever you feel it's worth. I'm going to see what else I can find today...
I would suggest checking out Amazon.. they've got a selection of 171 skyscraper books... I don't have direct access to them, but I would imagine some would touch on retailing in skyscrapers:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books&field-keywords=skyscrapers&search-type=ss&bq=1/103-2774027-2350227
Urban Versus Suburban Work Environments: A Comparison of Two Types of Work Environments http://www.sbaer.uca.edu/Research/1995/SMA/95swa216.htm
"An important component of the economy of urban central business districts (C.B.D.'s) is the health of its retailers and their success usually depends to some degree upon the effectiveness of their marketing strategies. However, lack of research on those who work and shop downtown, called office shoppers, may contribute to retailers' lack of awareness and effective marketing to satisfy the special shopping needs of these consumers. Over the years, developers have created urban retail centers to help revitalize central business districts. One of the goals of these efforts has been to bring shoppers into the city, thus importing suburban wealth into the urban business. However, there is evidence that, despite the promotional efforts associated with these developments, suburbanites do not come to these sites to shop for non-food purchases such as apparel and housewares (Grossman, 1992; Maronick and Stiff, 1985). While residents external to the C.B.D. may or may not reliably support urban retailers, it would seem logical that these merchants would want to develop marketing plans to target downtown workers, often referred to as office shoppers. The question becomes, what has been done to study downtown workers as a special case for retail market segmentation? The answer to this is that marketing academicians have virtually ignored this segment..."
Repairing the Damage in Traditional Urban Places by Stu Sirota
The Town Paper
http://www.tndtownpaper.com/Volume3/repairing_the_damage.htm
"When the federal government stepped in to help, it came in the form of disastrous "urban renewal" projects that only intensified the problems. Instead of restoring established neighborhoods, block after block was razed to make way for elevated urban freeways and parking decks needed for the growing legions of suburban commuters. TUPs that were spared a quick death from the wrecking ball often suffered a slow, agonizing one from the effects of highway noise and blight. To accommodate increasing traffic, local streets were frequently widened and often changed into one-way, high-speed thoroughfares at the expense of sidewalks and street trees. New, "modern" buildings constructed in TUPs were given sterile, fortress-like appearances since they were designed with the expectation that suburban residents would drive to them and park. This further discouraged pedestrian activity and downtown retailing, ultimately accelerating the downward spiral of decay..."
Transportation and Urban Growth: The Shaping of the American Metropolis By Peter O. Muller
http://www.cyber.vt.edu/lsg/intro/trans.htm
"The other major nonresidential activity of interwar suburbia was retailing. Clusters of automobile-oriented stores had first appeared in the urban fringes before World War I. By the early 1920s the roadside commercial strip had become a common sight in many southern California suburbs. Retail activities were also featured in dozens of planned automobile suburbs that sprang up after World War I—most notably in Kansas City's Country Club District, where the nation's first complete shopping center was opened in 1922. But these diversified retail centers spread slowly before the suburban highway improvements of the 1950s. Unlike the two preceding eras, the postwar Freeway Era was not sparked by a revolution in urban transportation. Rather, it represented the coming of age of the now pervasive automobile culture, which coincided with the emergence of the U.S. from 15 years of economic depression and war. Suddenly the automobile was no longer a luxury or a recreational diversion: overnight it had become a necessity for commuting, shopping, and socializing, essential to the successful realization of personal opportunities for a rapidly expanding majority of the metropolitan population. People snapped up cars as fast as the reviving peacetime automobile industry could roll them off the assembly lines, and a prodigious highway-building effort was launched, spearheaded by high speed, limited-access expressways. Given impetus by the 1956 Interstate Highway Act, these new freeways would soon reshape every corner of urban America, as the more distant suburbs they engendered represented nothing less than the turning inside-out of the historic metropolitan city..."
The Future of Retailing: Drivers of Change
The Royal Society of Edinburgh
http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/RSE/meetings_etc/conf2000/retail/mackenzie.htm
"There was an exodus of families to the suburbs with an associated development of substantial convenience superstores. Shopping malls were being established at highway intersections just beyond the new housing areas. Time magazine summed it up recently (as only it can) "Think about the revolution of shopping malls in the ‘70s …….. They defined how we bought stuff but also how we spent our time. The malls themselves became essential parts of a new suburban design, where castles of consumption shaped town layouts in the same way the Coliseum shaped Rome." It was, however, 20 years later when I visited Detroit, a city of 1 million people, with no department store and little quality shopping, that I saw the full horror of the flight from the city. But the changes in the ‘70s were taking place in a car-orientated USA that was completely different from Scotland. Retailing change seemed rather distant from the problems of multiple deprivation that were then, and still are, the focus of much attention in urban Scotland. However, by the mid ‘70s the retail industry in the UK had caught up and in the quest for greater efficiency, higher market share and increased profits, the convenience retailers took up the American shopping model. Planning applications for "super-stores", located on greenfield sites and surrounded by huge car parks, began to appear. Chicago's skyscrapers evoked the no-nonsense, business style of the city. They were clean-featured buildings, with a minimum of surface decoration. That's what made them distinctive, a truly American architecture. They looked like what they were supposed to be; business buildings, while New York skyscrapers looked like Greek temples or Roman baths. Chicago skyscrapers looked this way because they were built by developers interested in cutting costs, not showing off. Louis Sullivan, the first architect to make tall buildings beautiful, argued that form must follow function. But in Chicago, form usually followed finance. The skyscraper was the first building in history to depend on machines for its operation. It needed elevators to carry passengers to its upper floors, and telephone and telegraph systems to put tenants in the air in touch with the city below. The skyscraper couldn't have existed without another gigantic machine, an urban transit system capable of moving its small army of workers in and out of the city..."
Skyscraper History
Learner.org
http://www.learner.org/biographyofamerica/prog15/transcript/page03.html "This is equally true of another great commercial invention of the age, the department store, with its even larger army of salesclerks and customers. The department stores of America's big cities were crowded from morning 'til night with customers, as many as a quarter of a million a day. And some of them had workforces larger than steel mills. Marshall Field, who rose from stock boy to the richest man in Chicago, built the country's most opulent department store, a Palace of Desire that catered almost exclusively to women. In the department stores along State Street, women accounted for 99% of the purchases. When Chicago lit its department stores with electricity, many of these women shoppers stayed in town into the evening, without male escorts. Traditionalists complained about this; and also about what they called the new vice of shopping. A cranky editorial in the New York Times called shopping a "purse-destroying addiction every bit as bad as male drinking." Yet the accepted place of Victorian women in a male-dominated society, in the home all day, taking care of children, sewing, cleaning, cooking, and entertaining, made shopping a liberating escape from domestic drudgery."
LABOR TRENDS: Striving for more balance by Ben Johnson
Shopping Center World, May 1, 2001
http://shoppingcenterworld.com/ar/retail_labor_trends_striving/
Urban vs. suburban: It is the age-old competition. Lately, urban markets fought back from a decades-old decline to attract a slew of new residents thanks to more convenience, and better residential and retail options. “Generation X, and the larger Generation Y cohort behind them, have both shown a willingness to live and work in urban areas,” says Jacques Gordon, international director of investment research at LaSalle Investment Management in Chicago. “Although most new jobs are still being created in suburban locations, the nation's urban cities have stemmed a three-decade loss of market share and are now holding their own in the competition for jobs.” “One key reason is that an urban lifestyle for the rapidly growing number of childless households (including empty nesters) has improved as crime rates have dropped and more residential choices are now available close to where people work,” adds Gordon.
Region's heart vulnerable By Alan D. Miller (9/96)
http://www.dispatch.com/news/special/priceofprogress/progress4.html
Downtown may be the geographic center of central Ohio, but Mayor Greg Lashutka and other Columbus leaders worry that most residents of suburban and outlying cities in the seven-county region don't consider it "their" downtown. Without the interest and support of suburbanites, the leaders fear, the future of Downtown is threatened by competition from office parks and retail centers on the fringes. "I think elected officials in suburban cities understand, but I don't think the average person spends a lot of time thinking about planning," Lashutka said. "We need to have a healthy core." Ralph Smithers, executive director of the Development Committee for Central Ohio and a senior vice president of the Greater Columbus Chamber of Commerce, is more blunt about the issue. "If the city dies, the region dies," he said. "Those suburban cities would not be what they are today without Columbus." From the top of the Huntington Center Downtown, Frank Wobst looks over a landscape pocked with parking lots."I understand it was an effort under the goal of urban renewal to raze a lot of buildings that housed a lot of people, but it happened without offering replacements," said the chairman and chief executive of Huntington Bancshares. "The result is we have expensive infrastructure and a lot of parking lots that don't provide a tax base."
A return to retailing in the neighborhood by Richard Muhlebach (2/24/00) http://www.djc.com/special/cmarket2000/15.html
Prior to the malling of America, people shopped downtown and in their neighborhood. Each neighborhood had a retail section several blocks long lined with a five-and-dime store, junior department stores, millinery stores, furniture and appliance stores, soft goods retailers and a couple of single screen theatres. Corner grocery stores, often adjacent to a meat market, were scattered through the neighborhood for daily shopping needs. The neighborhood provided most of the shopping needs of the residents and downtown shopping was for special occasions. The advent of the comfortable, exciting climate controlled malls, multi-screen theatres, the supermarket anchored strip centers and the bankruptcy of many of the old-time retailers, along with the closing of the small neighborhood JC Penney, Sears and Montgomery Wards stores, combined "to kill off" much of the traditional neighborhood retailing. But today urban and neighborhood retailing is making a comeback. People are rediscovering urban living and the benefits of being part of a neighborhood. New multilevel urban retail projects are replacing older, obsolete neighborhood buildings. These developments are a major neighborhood customer draw and help revitalize street front retailing.
Some Search Strategies:
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urban suburban retail
urban suburban retailing
urban suburban retail trends
Additional Links:
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Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Famous & Important Skyscrapers http://www.epinions.com/book-review-3FDE-12EA2B04-387FB508-prod2
Rise of the New York Skyscraper
http://www.yale.edu/yup/books/064446.htm
New Rush of Buildings Reaching for the Clouds by Warren Richey
http://csmweb2.emcweb.com/durable/1998/07/08/p1s3.htm
Top10Links about Skyscrapers
http://www.top10links.com/cat.php/Arts%3AArchitecture%3ASkyscrapers%3AResources
http://www.kcskyscrapers.com/
Skyscrapers.COM - about
http://www.skyscrapers.com/english/about/sdc/buildings/categories/structure/material/
How Buildings Stand Up
http://www.wqed.org/erc/pghist/units/build/structure2.html
By BILL WIIST
Special to The Courier-Journal
http://www.wswstudios.com/skyscrapers.htm
Louis Sullivan - the Architect and His Work
http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/1469/sullivan.html
#If you have any other info about this subject , Please add it free.# |